Immunology & genetics, topic by topic

Barriers, complement, phagocytes, and pattern recognition — the fast, hardwired first response every later immunology lecture builds on.

T cells, B cells, antibodies, and MHC — the specific, memory-forming arm of the immune system that every vaccine, transplant, and autoimmune question runs through.

The four hypersensitivity types with their signature diseases, the mechanisms of autoimmunity, the classic primary immunodeficiencies, and transplant rejection — the immunology that actually shows up as sick patients.

Vaccine platforms and the diseases they prevent — where the whole immunology course pays off, and where the exam asks its most clinical questions.

From the double helix to the pedigree — DNA structure, the central dogma, mutation classes, and every inheritance pattern the exam can draw as a family tree.

The classic single-gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial disorders — the diseases that make inheritance patterns worth learning.

The tests behind every immunology and genetics vignette — serology, flow cytometry, PCR, sequencing, and cytogenetics — and how to pick the right one.