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Flashcards

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Card 1 of 6
DiseaseEndocrine

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Recall: Pathophysiology ยท S/Sx ยท Gold Standard Dx ยท First-line Tx ยท Pearl

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DiseaseEndocrine

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pathophysiology
Insulin resistance + relative insulin deficiency โ†’ chronic hyperglycemia.
S/Sx
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision; often asymptomatic early.
Gold Standard Dx
HbA1c โ‰ฅ6.5%, fasting glucose โ‰ฅ126 mg/dL, or 2-hour OGTT โ‰ฅ200 (confirm on repeat).
First-line Tx
Lifestyle + person-centered choice; metformin if glucose lowering is the sole issue. ASCVD/HF/CKD: SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA.

SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists give cardiovascular & renal benefit beyond glucose lowering.