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Flashcards

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Card 1 of 6
DiseaseGastrointestinal/Nutrition

GERD

Recall: Pathophysiology ยท S/Sx ยท Gold Standard Dx ยท First-line Tx ยท Pearl

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DiseaseGastrointestinal/Nutrition

GERD

Pathophysiology
Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter โ†’ retrograde acid reflux โ†’ esophageal mucosal injury.
S/Sx
Heartburn (worse lying down/after meals), regurgitation, dysphagia; chronic cough/hoarseness.
Gold Standard Dx
No gold standard exists; diagnosis combines symptoms, PPI response, EGD for alarm features, and reflux monitoring.
First-line Tx
Lifestyle changes + 8-week empiric PPI once daily before a meal; PPI preferred over H2RA.

Alarm features (dysphagia, weight loss, bleeding, anemia) โ†’ endoscopy to exclude Barrettโ€™s/cancer.