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PANCEยฎ is a registered trademark of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA). This application is an independent study resource and is not affiliated with, sponsored by, or endorsed by the NCCPA.

For educational use only. Content is AI-generated, may contain errors, and is not medical advice โ€” always verify against current primary sources and faculty guidance before clinical use.

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Flashcards

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Card 1 of 4
DiseaseRenal

Nephrolithiasis

Recall: Pathophysiology ยท S/Sx ยท Gold Standard Dx ยท First-line Tx ยท Pearl

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DiseaseRenal

Nephrolithiasis

Pathophysiology
Urinary supersaturation โ†’ stone formation (calcium oxalate is most common).
S/Sx
Sudden severe colicky flank pain in waves radiating to groin/testis or labia, hematuria, N/V, restlessness.
Gold Standard Dx
Non-contrast CT abdomen/pelvis (gold standard); ultrasound in pregnancy.
First-line Tx
Hydration + analgesia (NSAIDs); tamsulosin optional (benefit mainly distal 5โ€“10 mm); urology if obstructing.

Stones <5 mm usually pass; obstruction with infection is a urologic emergency.