Peptic Ulcer Disease

Gastrointestinal/Nutrition · ~8% of blueprint

Pathophysiology: Mucosal defect from H. pylori or NSAIDs disrupting the protective barrier → acid injury.
Signs & Symptoms: Epigastric pain — duodenal improves with food, gastric worsens with food; ± bleeding.
Gold Standard Diagnosis: EGD with biopsy; test for H. pylori (urea breath test or stool antigen).
First-line Treatment: PPI + H. pylori eradication (PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin); stop NSAIDs.

High-Yield Pearl

Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved by food; gastric ulcer pain is worsened by food.

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