Bacterial Meningitis

Neurology · ~7% of blueprint

Pathophysiology: Bacterial infection of the meninges/subarachnoid space → inflammation and raised ICP.
Signs & Symptoms: Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, altered mental status; ± petechial rash (meningococcus).
Gold Standard Diagnosis: Lumbar puncture: ↑ neutrophils, ↑ protein, ↓ glucose; CT before LP if focal deficits / ↑ ICP signs.
First-line Treatment: Empiric ceftriaxone + vancomycin (+ ampicillin if >50/immunocompromised) + dexamethasone.

High-Yield Pearl

Give empiric antibiotics immediately — don’t delay treatment for the LP.

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