- 🔬Pathophysiology
- Neurovascular disorder with cortical spreading depression and trigeminovascular activation.
- 🩺Signs & Symptoms
- Unilateral, pulsating, moderate–severe headache with photophobia/phonophobia and N/V; ± aura.
- 🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
- Clinical diagnosis by ICHD-3 criteria (POUND features support it); neuroimaging only for red-flag features.
- 💊First-line Treatment
- Acute: triptans + NSAIDs; prevention: beta-blockers, topiramate, or anti-CGRP agents.