PA School SurvivalDidactic Year

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PANCE Body Systems

Cardiovascular
11%
Pulmonary
9%
Gastrointestinal/Nutrition
8%
Musculoskeletal
8%
Neurology
7%
Infectious Disease
7%
Psychiatry/Behavioral
7%
Reproductive
7%
Endocrine
6%
Eyes/Ears/Nose/Throat
6%
Hematology
5%
Renal
5%
Genitourinary
4%
Dermatology
4%

Weights are study aids — verify each exam cycle.

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For educational use only. Content is AI-generated, may contain errors, and is not medical advice — always verify against current primary sources and faculty guidance before clinical use.

Home PharmacologyIpratropium

Ipratropium

Short-Acting Antimuscarinic (SAMA)

Drug Class: Short-Acting Antimuscarinic (SAMA)
Mechanism of Action (MOA): Blocks airway muscarinic (M3) receptors → bronchodilation and ↓ secretions.
Clinical Notes: COPD exacerbations (with albuterol = DuoNeb). Minimal systemic absorption; caution in narrow-angle glaucoma and BPH.
Source: FDA label (DailyMed)

All pharmacology