- 🔬Pathophysiology
- Recurrent mood episodes with a strong heritable component and neurotransmitter dysregulation.
- 🩺Signs & Symptoms
- ≥1 manic episode — DIG FAST (distractibility, impulsivity, grandiosity, flight of ideas, ↑ activity, ↓ sleep, talkativeness); ± depression.
- 🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
- Clinical (DSM-5): >=1 manic episode — elevated/irritable mood + increased activity/energy >=1 wk (or hospitalization).
- 💊First-line Treatment
- Mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate) or atypical antipsychotics; avoid antidepressant monotherapy.