Spirometry: obstructive pattern (↓ FEV1/FVC) with ≥12% reversibility after a bronchodilator.
First-line Treatment
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is the controller foundation; current guidelines favor as-needed ICS-formoterol (SMART) as the preferred reliever over a SABA alone. Step up controller therapy (add LABA) by symptom control.
Reversibility on spirometry separates asthma from COPD. Every asthmatic needs ICS-containing therapy — guidelines now favor ICS-formoterol as reliever, not SABA monotherapy.