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For educational use only. Content is AI-generated, may contain errors, and is not medical advice — always verify against current primary sources and faculty guidance before clinical use.

HomeGenitourinaryUTI / Pyelonephritis
💧

UTI / Pyelonephritis

Genitourinary · ~4% of blueprint
🔬Pathophysiology
Ascending bacterial infection (usually E. coli); cystitis (bladder) vs. pyelonephritis (kidney).
🩺Signs & Symptoms
Cystitis: dysuria, frequency, urgency. Pyelonephritis adds fever, flank/CVA pain, and N/V.
🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
Urinalysis (pyuria, nitrites, leukocyte esterase) + urine culture (gold standard).
💊First-line Treatment
Uncomplicated cystitis: nitrofurantoin or TMP-SMX; pyelonephritis: fluoroquinolone or ceftriaxone.
Drug cardsNitrofurantoinTrimethoprim-SulfamethoxazoleCiprofloxacinCeftriaxone
High-Yield Pearl

Nitrites + leukocyte esterase on UA strongly suggest UTI; culture confirms and guides therapy.

Sources

Reviewed September 2026
  1. StatPearls: Acute Cystitis — StatPearls Publishing (NCBI Bookshelf), 2025
  2. StatPearls: Acute Pyelonephritis — StatPearls Publishing (NCBI Bookshelf), 2024
  3. StatPearls: Urinary Tract Infections — StatPearls Publishing (NCBI Bookshelf), 2024

Checked against the guideline or standard reference the exam keys to. If it has moved, use Report an error below.

All Genitourinary