- 🔬Pathophysiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid-fast) inhaled → granulomatous lung infection; can reactivate.
- 🩺Signs & Symptoms
- Chronic cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, weight loss, fever; classically upper-lobe disease.
- 🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
- Sputum acid-fast smear & culture (gold standard) + NAAT; CXR; IGRA/PPD for latent TB.
- 💊First-line Treatment
- RIPE — Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (2 mo), then RI (4 mo). Latent: short-course rifamycin (3HP/4R/3HR) preferred.