- 🔬Pathophysiology
- Progressive valve calcification/fibrosis (or congenital bicuspid valve) → ↓ valve area → LV outflow obstruction → pressure-overload LVH.
- 🩺Signs & Symptoms
- Triad: Angina, Syncope, Dyspnea (exertional). Harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur at R 2nd ICS radiating to carotids; pulsus parvus et tardus.
- 🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
- Echocardiography (valve area, mean gradient, EF). Severe: area ≤1.0 cm², mean gradient ≥40 mmHg, Vmax ≥4 m/s.
- 💊First-line Treatment
- Valve replacement (SAVR or TAVR) once symptomatic or severe with ↓EF. No medical therapy halts progression; avoid aggressive afterload reduction/diuresis.