- 🔬Pathophysiology
- ↑ LDL/atherogenic lipoproteins → endothelial deposition → atherosclerotic plaque. Usually polygenic; familial hypercholesterolemia is the severe monogenic form.
- 🩺Signs & Symptoms
- Asymptomatic; found on lipid panel. Severe/familial: xanthelasma, tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus (esp. if premature).
- 🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
- Fasting or non-fasting lipid panel. Risk-stratify with the ASCVD 10-year risk estimator.
- 💊First-line Treatment
- Moderate- or high-intensity statin per ASCVD risk + lifestyle. Add ezetimibe ± PCSK9 inhibitor if LDL goal not met.