↑ LDL/atherogenic lipoproteins → endothelial deposition → atherosclerotic plaque. Usually polygenic; familial hypercholesterolemia is the severe monogenic form.
Signs & Symptoms
Asymptomatic; found on lipid panel. Severe/familial: xanthelasma, tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus (esp. if premature).
Gold Standard Diagnosis
Fasting or non-fasting lipid panel. Risk-stratify with the ASCVD 10-year risk estimator.
First-line Treatment
Moderate- or high-intensity statin per ASCVD risk + lifestyle. Add ezetimibe ± PCSK9 inhibitor if LDL goal not met.