- 🔬Pathophysiology
- Atherosclerotic stenosis of peripheral (esp. lower-limb) arteries → ↓ perfusion. Same risk factors as CAD; smoking & diabetes are strongest.
- 🩺Signs & Symptoms
- Intermittent claudication (calf pain with walking, relieved by rest); ↓ pulses, hair loss, shiny skin, dependent rubor. Severe: rest pain, ulcers, gangrene.
- 🎯Gold Standard Diagnosis
- Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) ≤0.90. CTA/MRA for anatomy before intervention.
- 💊First-line Treatment
- Risk-factor control (smoking cessation), supervised exercise, antiplatelet + statin; cilostazol for symptoms; revascularize critical limb ischemia.