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For educational use only. Content is AI-generated, may contain errors, and is not medical advice — always verify against current primary sources and faculty guidance before clinical use.

HomeCardiovascularMitral Regurgitation

Mitral Regurgitation

Cardiovascular · ~11% of blueprint
Pathophysiology
Incompetent mitral valve → systolic backflow LV→LA → LA/LV volume overload → dilation, AFib, eventual HF. Causes: MVP, ischemic papillary rupture, rheumatic, endocarditis.
Signs & Symptoms
Holosystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla; dyspnea, fatigue, S3, displaced PMI. Acute (papillary rupture) → flash pulmonary edema & shock.
Gold Standard Diagnosis
Echocardiography (severity, mechanism, EF, LA size).
First-line Treatment
Surgical or transcatheter repair/replacement for severe/symptomatic disease. Acute severe = surgical emergency; afterload reduction (nitroprusside) as a bridge.
High-Yield Pearl

Acute MR from post-MI papillary muscle rupture is a can't-miss cause of a new murmur + cardiogenic shock.

More Cardiovascular conditions

  • Acute Coronary Syndrome (STEMI)
  • Acute Pericarditis
  • Aortic Dissection
  • Aortic Stenosis
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Heart Failure (HFrEF)
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Hypertension (Essential)
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  • Infective Endocarditis
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease
All Cardiovascular